中国陆相侏罗系—白垩系界线及其国际地层对比——以冀北—辽西地区侏罗系—白垩系年代地层为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王思恩  高林志  庞其清  宋彪  李亚 《地质学报》2015,89(8):1331-1351

冀北—辽西地区陆相侏罗系—白垩系发育,各类生物化石丰富,并夹有火山岩,是利用岩石地层、生物地层、同位素测年和磁性年代地层综合研究侏罗系\\白垩系界线的理想地区。冀北滦平盆地侏罗系\\白垩系界线附近的地层为大北沟组和大店子组,辽西义县—北票地区侏罗系\\白垩系界线附近的地层为土城子组和义县组。大店子组含有孢粉Cicatricosisporites Luanpingspora Jugella 组合;介形类Yanshanina Cypridea Rhinocypris组合,Cypridea Yanshanina Timiriasevia组合,Cypridea sulcata亚组合和叶肢介Eosestheria Abrestheria组合等各类化石,这些生物组合与国内、外的对比,尤其是孢粉和介形类与英、法、德、俄和加拿大等地相关地层同类化石组合的对比,其时代为早白垩世早期（Berriasian）。辽宁西部义县组下部的孢粉、介形类和叶肢介与国内、外的对比,也得出与大店子组的时代大致相同的结论。大北沟组含孢粉Poceites Podocarpidites Schizaeoisporites组合,介形类Luanpingella Torinina Eoparacypris组合以及叶肢介Nestoria Keratestheria组合等,这些生物组合与国内、外同类生物组合的对比,得出的时代结论是晚侏罗世晚期（Tithonian）。土城子组含有孢粉、介形类及叶肢介等6大门类化石,根据已有的研究成果,得出的时代结论是晚侏罗世。因此,侏罗系\\白垩系的界线划在大北沟组与大店子组之间。生物地层的国际对比表明：此界线与国际侏罗系\\白垩系界线,即Tithonian\\Berriasian界线是一致的。根据冀北—辽西地区一系列同位素测年数据推断,侏罗系\\白垩系界线年龄应接近1307Ma 。  相似文献   

Sedimentology,three‐dimensional geobody reconstruction and carbon dioxide origin of Pleistocene travertine deposits in the Ballık area (south‐west Turkey)          下载免费PDF全文

Hannes Claes  Jeroen Soete  Koen Van Noten  Hamdy El Desouky  Marcelle Marques Erthal  Frank Vanhaecke  Mehmet Özkul  Rudy Swennen 《Sedimentology》2015,62(5):1408-1445

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长江口表层沉积物矿物磁性分区特征及其沉积环境指示意义   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

潘大东  王张华  陈艇  高晓琴  李晓  战庆 《海洋学报》2015,37(5):101-111

本研究旨在揭示现代长江口不同沉积环境铁磁性矿物的分布差异,寻找有效识别河口-陆架沉积环境的磁学指标,以便更好地将环境磁学应用于河口古环境研究。在长江口及邻近陆架的6个沉积环境:汊道、拦门沙、三角洲前缘斜坡、前三角洲、前三角洲-陆架过渡区和残留砂区,采集表层沉积物样品,进行粒度和磁性测量。结果显示,χ和SIRM在汊道和拦门沙呈现显著高值,HIRM、χfd%、χARM、χARM/χ和χARM/SIRM在前三角洲和前缘斜坡呈现显著高值,反映了陆源物质输运距离和河口沉积动力对磁性矿物分布的控制作用。因此,参数组合HIRM、χARM、χARM/χ和χARM/SIRM可用于识别全新世地层前缘斜坡和前三角洲-陆架;参数组合χ、SIRM和S-20mT可尝试用于识别汊道和拦门沙环境。  相似文献   

振动台试验模型地震反应的HHT研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

石春香  李胡生  罗奇峰  施卫星 《地震学报》2011,33(1):114-119

Hilbert-Huang Transform(HHT)是一种新的适用于非线性、非平稳信号,且具有自适应性的数据处理方法．本文简要介绍了一座45层钢筋混凝土框架结构及其振动台试验模型概况. 利用HHT分析了模型结构在不同烈度地震中的反应记录,得到了Hilbert时频幅值三维分布和Hilbert边际谱．Hilbert谱得到记录能量集中分布的频段与时间范围,捕捉到信号变化的主要特征. Hilbert边际谱曲线形状和峰值频率值随着地震烈度的升级而发生了相应变化,而且所有的结果图形体现出相同的规律性,预示着Hilbert边际谱在土木工程结构安全评价中的应用前景．   相似文献   

孤岛油田南区馆1+2砂层组细分对比标志特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

乐大发  陈清华  张福利 《地球科学与环境学报》2011,33(1):84-88

基于沉积学和储层地质学理论,以孤岛油田南区馆1+2砂层组高弯曲流河沉积为例,充分利用密井网条件下的测井资料,研究储层细分对比中的标志类型、特征、分布及其应用。首先,介绍了馆1+2砂层组的测井响应、地震反射等宏观特征;接着,利用感应电导率曲线、自然电位曲线的响应特征寻找细分对比标志;然后,将选取的标志联合使用得到孤岛油田南区馆1+2砂层组的顶面构造图。结果表明:研究区缺少全区性标志,但存在局部性标志;局部性标志有泥岩类、砂岩类、"钙质尖"类、砂泥组合类等4类;泥岩类标志表现出高感应电导率特点,砂岩类标志表现为低电阻率,自然电位曲线呈"箱形"或小型的"钟形","钙质尖"类标志表现为高电阻、高微电阻、低声波时差,低自然电位值的尖锋,砂泥组合类标志表现为感应曲线特征的可对比性强;泥岩类和砂岩类标志分布面积较大,呈局部连片状;"钙质尖"类和砂泥组合类标志分布面积较小,呈条带状;上述4类标志在平面上的叠合分布完全覆盖研究区。总之,充分利用好局部性标志,同样能够很好地进行类似地区的储层细分对比。  相似文献   

牛场组--上扬子区南部志留系兰多维列统的一个新地层单位   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

戎嘉余  詹仁斌 《地层学杂志》2004,28(4):300-306,i001

志留纪初的扬子海底域大都被缺氧水占据 ,黑色笔石页岩 (称龙马溪组 )广泛发育 ,底栖生物难以存活 ;但表层水域仍然充氧 ,是笔石等生物的生活场所。在上扬子海南缘的近岸、浅水区 (贵州北部 )繁衍了腕足动物及三叶虫等壳相生物 ,笔石稀少或缺失。相关地层长期被笼统地归于龙马溪组而没有其他名称。现以贵州湄潭牛场高滩剖面为依据 ,将该地原归“龙马溪组”的地层新建为牛场组 ,按全国地层委员会的最新要求 ,描述命名剖面 (地理位置、岩性特征、生物组合、顶、底界线、厚度、横向延展、与上覆、下伏地层的接触关系等 ) ,讨论它与相关地层的区别与对比等。牛场组底部因发现笔石而确定了地层位置 ;其顶界因尚未发现可资肯定时代的化石 ,只是根据区域对比推测其时代归属。研究结果表明 ,牛场组代表兰多维列 (L landovery)世早—中期、黔中古陆以北近岸、充氧、浅水的非笔石相地层 ,在黔北遵义、湄潭、思南一带发育 ,这一适宜于底栖生物生存的正常浅海环境为大灭绝后壳相生物的复苏与辐射提供了基本条件。与牛场组相当的地层包括标准龙马溪组下部的一部分和标准香树园组的下部 ,前者以黑色笔石页岩为特征 ,后者以瘤状泥灰岩、泥质灰岩为主。  相似文献   

Improving gravity anomalies over China marginal sea from retracked Geosat and ERS-1 data     

HWANG Chenway 《地球空间信息科学学报》2010,13(2):144-149

The quality of altimeter data and ocean tide model is critical to the recovery of coastal gravity anomalies. In this contribution, three retracking methods (threshold, improved threshold and Beta-5) are investigated with the aim of improving the altimeter data over a shallow water area. Comparison indicates that the improved threshold is the best retracking method over China Sea. Two ocean tide models, NAO99b and CSR4.0, are analyzed. Results show that different tide models used in the processing of altimeter data may result in differences more than 10 mGal in recovered coastal gravity anomalies. Also, NAO99b is more suitable than CSR4.0 over the shallow water area of China Sea. Finally, gravity anomalies over China Sea are calculated from retracked Geosat/GM and ERS-1/GM data by least squares collocation. Comparison with shipborne gravimetry data demonstrates that gravity anomalies from retracked data are significantly superior to those from non-retracked data. Our results have the same order as the other two altimeter-derived gravity models: Sandwell&Smith(V16) and DNSC08.  相似文献   

Holocene cool‐water carbonate and terrigenous sediments from southern Spencer Gulf,South Australia     

M. K. Fuller  Y. Bone  V. A. Gostin  C. C. Von Der Borch 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4):353-363

Holocene sediments from southern Spencer Gulf are cool‐water carbonate‐rich gravels and sands, dominated by molluscs and Bryozoa. Five sedimentary fades are recognized: (i) molluscan gravel; (ii) branching coralline‐algal gravel, associated with shallow partially protected environments; (iii) molluscan‐biyozoan sand; (iv) mixed bioclastic sand, representative of the deeper central region of the lower gulf; and (v) bryozoan gravel, an isolated fades developed in a semi‐protected micro‐environment. The southern gulf is characterized by complex oceanographic conditions together with variations in water depth and substrate. The sediments share the characteristics of both the southern shelf and upper Spencer Gulf. Grain‐size distribution and sedimentary facies are controlled by a combination of all the above processes. Past sea level fluctuations are recognized from sea floor strand‐line deposits. The relic component of the palimpsest sediments has eroded from the Pleistocene aeolianite dunes. The sediments, therefore, reflect both the modern marine and past environments.  相似文献   

Pliocene aridity and Neogene landscape evolution recorded by a fluvial sediment system (Campaspe Formation) in northeast Queensland     

R. A. Henderson 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(8):1041-1059

Campaspe Formation, a surficial, fluviatile, sand-dominated unit, is extensively developed in the Charters Towers region of north Queensland where it covers an area of 11 000 km², overlying Paleozoic basement and erosional remnants of Paleogene Southern Cross Formation. In the northern part of its distribution, it is interlayered with, and overlain by, flows of Nulla Basalt. It is dated as mid-Pliocene, based on the 3.48 Ma age of the Myrrilumbing Flow interlayered with its upper part, an antiquity consistent with thin ferricrete locally developed at its surface. The formation defines the Campaspe Surface at an elevation of 200–440 m in the present landscape, falling gently from upland to the west towards the current channel of the Burdekin River. This surface is a relict alluvial plain little incised by easterly flowing tributaries of the Burdekin River and has survived, essentially intact, from the early Pliocene. Geometry of the formation is established from some 2000 mineral exploration drill holes and seismic profiling. It has an average thickness of some 60 m, reaching a maximum of over 200 m. It blankets a pre-existing, low relief landscape in which a basement ridge divides it into two sub-basins that mirror the present drainage. The formation consists of poorly sorted sandstone with minor conglomerate and siltstone, and contains paleosol horizons with associated calcrete. Matrix supported sandstone in the succession, indicates deposition in part from hyperconcentrated flows. Sandstones generally show poorly defined planar layering as typical of ephemeral overbank and terminal splay sediment bodies but beds with cross-lamination, indicating fluvial channel bed forms, are also present. They are characterised by pore-filling silt and mud, largely emplaced by post-depositional infiltration, such that the unit produces essentially no groundwater. Facies attributes are consistent with fluvial deposition in ephemeral, dry climate, distributary system, with inefficient cross-drainage discharge that induced aggradation, resulting in a substantial sediment body perched in the landscape. Framework grain compositions show the formation to be mineralogically mature, representing erosional debris derived from intense weathering in an earlier climatic regime recorded, at least in part, by duricrust developed in the fluviatile–lacustrine Southern Cross Formation of Paleogene age. Such duricrust intervals are now upstanding in the landscape, representing erosional remnants from inverted relief developed in a mid-Cenozoic, pluvial, landscape cycle. Paleoclimatic signature of the Campaspe Formation extends the record of Pliocene aridity, widely recognised elsewhere in Australia, to northeast Queensland. In large part the landscape of the Charters Towers district is relict from the early Pliocene and is in the process of readjusting to more pluvial climatic regimes. By implication, Pliocene aridity has, on a small scale, exerted a strong influence on the present physiography of Australian landscapes.  相似文献   

The importance of iron speciation (Fe+2/Fe+3) in determining mineral assemblages: an example from the high‐grade aluminous metapelites of southeastern Madagascar     

S. D. BOGER  R. W. WHITE  B. SCHULTE 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2012,30(9):997-1018

Metapelitic granulites from the Anosyen domain of southeastern Madagascar are exposed in three intercalated formations: the Amparihy, Bakika and Ihosy formations. Although mineralogically distinct from each other, the rocks from these formations show very similar bulk‐rock compositions when measured on a Fe_T basis. The preserved mineral assemblages thus do not reflect differences in the ratios of the main rock‐forming oxides (i.e. Al₂O₃:Fe_T:MgO), but instead reflect variations in the pre‐metamorphic oxidation state of the protolith rocks. These differences in oxidation state are manifested via differences in iron speciation – either Fe⁺² or Fe⁺³. The relatively reduced rocks of the Amparihy Formation preserve the assemblage bi–sp–sill–g–cd, which contrasts markedly with the mostly garnet and spinel‐absent bi–cd–sill–mt assemblages preserved in the strongly oxidized rocks of the Ihosy Formation. Compositionally intermediate rocks of the Bakika Formation are garnet bearing, but sillimanite‐absent, and contain the assemblage sp–g–cd–mag. Modelling of these rocks in the Na₂O–CaO–K₂O–FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O–TiO₂–O system suggests that they evolved along a heating and cooling P–T path with only limited decompression accompanying cooling on the retrograde path. Peak temperatures and pressures of ～880–920 °C and 6–6.5 kbar are inferred for the majority of the Anosyen domain, with slightly lower peak temperatures (～840 °C) estimated in the extreme northwest of the area. The high‐temperature and relatively low‐pressure nature of metamorphism suggests high geothermal gradients existed during orogenesis, which in southern Madagascar is related to the amalgamation of Gondwana (580–520 Ma). Although metamorphic temperatures may have been augmented via thermal advection from the emplacement of the syn‐ to post‐tectonic Ambalavao suite, the high geothermal gradients nevertheless suggest thin and consequently hot lithosphere existed prior to orogenesis.  相似文献